An asthma attack can swiftly become an emergency, demanding immediate first aid and medical intervention. Quick action is critical in reducing the risks associated with an asthma emergency. During an asthma flare-up, symptoms like difficulty breathing, persistent coughing, chest tightness, or uncontrollable wheezing can rapidly intensify. These episodes can develop over a span of minutes, hours, days, or even weeks.
If you or a family member suffer from a respiratory condition such as asthma, it is crucial to have an updated asthma emergency plan from your healthcare provider and be well-versed in the four steps of rapid asthma medication.
There are various treatments available for managing asthma. Your doctor may prescribe medications, help devise a strategy to manage your asthma, and provide a detailed emergency plan for asthma attacks.
Identifying Asthma Triggers
Adult-onset asthma refers to asthma diagnosed in individuals over the age of 20. Several groups are at risk of developing adult-onset asthma, including women experiencing hormonal changes due to pregnancy or those using estrogen therapy for over ten years post-menopause. Furthermore, individuals who have contracted viruses like the flu or cold, those with a sensitivity to cat allergens, people suffering from GERD, and those exposed to irritants such as smoke or dust, are also at risk.
The condition is more likely to worsen if there is a family history of asthma or reactions to specific irritants. Urban exposure to smoke, dust, and pollution can further exacerbate asthma symptoms.
Treatment Options for Adult Asthma
Asthma medications fall into two primary categories:
Anti-inflammatories: This is the main type of medication for many asthma patients. Inhaled steroids and other anti-inflammatory drugs reduce the swelling and mucus buildup in airways, making them less sensitive and prone to triggers. These medications should be taken daily, and they may take a few weeks to show effectiveness.
Bronchodilators: These medications relax the tightened muscles surrounding the airways, helping to open them and improving airflow in and out of the lungs. As the airways open, mucus can move more freely, making it easier to cough up. Both short-acting and long-acting beta-agonists can help prevent exercise-induced asthma symptoms.
To manage asthma, you can use an asthma nebulizer, dry powder inhaler, or metered dose inhaler. Oral treatments in the form of pills or liquids are also an option.
Handling an Asthma Emergency
If diagnosed with asthma, it’s vital to identify and avoid triggers to prevent attacks. However, in an emergency, follow these steps:
If you suspect an asthma attack:
- Ensure your asthma first aid kit is readily accessible
- Sit upright to facilitate easier breathing
- Loosen any tight clothing to aid in breathing
- Use your inhaler (preferably with a spacer)
- Continue using the inhaler if symptoms do not improve
- Monitor for signs of improvement
- If conditions worsen, seek immediate help
- Contact a doctor for further medical assistance
Following your asthma management plan can help prevent attacks and minimize disruptions from its symptoms. Regularly consult with your doctor about your treatment regimen and maintain an asthma management journal to track your condition and record significant observations.